Creating Student Engagement in Online Learning Environment

Abstract To contribute to creating and stimulating student engagement in online learning environments, it is important to focus on such factors as the increase of students’ motivation, focus on independent and inquiry-based learning, the active role of instructors, and the usage of contemporary learning management systems in order to organize online learning environments according to the set standards of learner-centered education.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Creating Student Engagement in Online Learning Environment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Creating Student Engagement in Online Learning Environment Modern learning environments provide students with a lot of opportunities to develop their potential and contribute to academic performance. Many students who are inclined to improve their education choose online learning courses or distance learning in order to use all the advantages of th e online learner-centered education where instructors perform the role of guides. In spite of the fact that distance learning is popular among students, it is important to pay attention to specific aspects of the student engagement in the online learning environment because distance learning based on online technologies is the rather new approach to the study process and students engagement is one of the most influential challenges. To facilitate student engagement in the online learning environment and contribute to increasing students’ motivation and interest in learning, it is necessary to analyze such factors as students’ attitude to distance learning, management of online learning, and position of a teacher in the process. If face-to-face learning is based on measuring student engagement with the help of focusing on class attendance, the engagement of students in online learning can be measured only with references to their academic performance and online activiti es while posting and participating in online discussions. From this point, the concept of interaction should be also followed in online environments in order to contribute to the student engagement. Duffy and Kirkley state that online learning is the next step to the effective learner-centered education because distance learning provides resources for the inquiry-based learning focused on the students’ achievements and their independent efforts to learn new information and develop new skills (Duffy Kirkley, 2004). As a result, the idea of student engagement should be discussed in relation to students’ readiness to participate actively in online learning in order to improve their knowledge, skills, and abilities (Beffa-Negrini, Cohen, Miller, 2002). Student engagement can be facilitated with the help of strategies focused on increasing students’ motivation and confidence.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, changes in relation to student engagement in online learning can be influenced by instructors who develop online courses, choose and prepare the materials, and work out effective schedules. According to Sull, a teacher should provide students with all the opportunities to be active in online learning, and these activities include the focus on responsiveness, online discussions, effective online materials, and active use of electronic devices (Sull, 2013). Teachers regulate student engagement within the classroom environments directly that is why any negative changes in students’ attitudes to the course or their academic performance caused by the decreased engagement can be overcome with the help of effective interaction. Student engagement can be affected with instructors’ responsiveness and readiness to assist (Sull, 2013). Distance learning does not provide such opportunities, and teachers should concentrate mo re on developing successful strategies to evoke students’ interest in the course to stimulate engagement and prevent possible negative outcomes. Academic performance and general success of those students learning online and their engagement in the process depend significantly on the materials used in education to stimulate their motivation, inquiry needs, and critical thinking. It is important to note that rather new learning tools and resources are used within the online learning environments, and instructors can exploit the challenging resources in order to develop effective assignments (Gilbert, 2000). However, students’ confidence depends significantly not only on the approaches to manage online learning but also on students’ enthusiasm and intrinsic motivation. To engage students into online learning, it is necessary to appeal to their inner motives to study because distance learning provides a lot of opportunities for students to learn and do the necessary research independently, while developing critical thinking and other skills (Beffa-Negrini, Cohen, Miller, 2002). One more factor which influences the level of student engagement in distance learning is the management of the systems used to regulate the technical aspects of online learning. Today, there are many systems which regulate the online learning environments according to instructors’ objectives and expected outcomes. Online learning depends on the effective administration of the associated documentation and materials necessary for courses. Different learning management systems are developed to improve the aspects of administration in order to provide students with the high-quality systems which are convenient to use.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Creating Student Engagement in Online Learning Environment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Contributing to administration of online learni ng, these applications are also important to influence student engagement because different programs function as systems to control students’ online activities and engagement (Beffa-Negrini, Cohen, Miller, 2002; Gilbert, 2000). Moreover, the developed learning management programs can contribute to the online discussions and interactions of instructors and students along with providing the standards to which it is important to orient. Thus, the concept of student engagement is changed with references to the idea of online learning. To create the necessary student engagement, it is important to develop strategies effective for increasing and stimulating students’ motivation and to use contemporary learning management systems in order to organize the process appropriately in relation to the standards of learner-centered education the principles of which are followed in distance learning. References Beffa-Negrini, P. A., Cohen, N. L., Miller, B. (2002). Strategies to mot ivate students in online learning environments. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behaviour, 34(6), 334-340. Duffy, T. M., Kirkley, J. R. (2004). Learner-centered theory and practice in distance education: Cases from higher education. USA: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Gilbert, S. D. (2000). How to be a successful online student. USA: McGraw Hill Professional. Sull, E. C. (2013). Student engagement in the online classroom. Retrieved from https://www.chronicle.com/article/Student-Engagement-in-the/136897/ This research paper on Creating Student Engagement in Online Learning Environment was written and submitted by user Sheev Palpatine to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Changing Up Our Act

A boy and his father were stopped at a red light. The boy out his window and notices a bright neon sign, ands asks his father â€Å"What dose XXX mean?† The father quickly changes the subject and drives away. This is just one of the questions and controversy that a strip club could bring to a community. It seems that in the past decade strip clubs have been sprouting up all across the country, sometimes in small communities. Strip clubs are detrimental in that they show that sexual acts are acceptable in today’s society, they only provide enjoyable entertainment to a particular audience, and problems that occur in the club can lead to problems in the community. One major concern that strip clubs bring to a community is that they show the younger generation that sexual acts are acceptable in today’s society. This can be proven in a number of ways. One way that they show unacceptable behavior is by placing advertisements in newspapers with coupons attached or over the radio and television announcing a wet T-shirt contest or amateur night to name a few. Another way that strip clubs show sexual acceptance is by how well it pays. Since you don’t need a degree to get up on stage and dance to music while removing articles of clothing many young adults think of this as an easy way to make money with out having to get an education. Even some movies and television shows present the idea that strip clubs are acceptable. For instance, Porkeys, a movie made in the seventies which portrays a group of high school kids from a small town sneaking into a strip club and having the time of their lives until being throw out. This alone gives young viewers the belief the sexual acts like stripping are a good thing. It is now at the point where television shows are also encouraging it. One show that makes strip clubs seem acceptable is Married With Children. In this show Al Bundy makes strip clubs out to be the greatest place on earth,... Free Essays on Changing Up Our Act Free Essays on Changing Up Our Act A boy and his father were stopped at a red light. The boy out his window and notices a bright neon sign, ands asks his father â€Å"What dose XXX mean?† The father quickly changes the subject and drives away. This is just one of the questions and controversy that a strip club could bring to a community. It seems that in the past decade strip clubs have been sprouting up all across the country, sometimes in small communities. Strip clubs are detrimental in that they show that sexual acts are acceptable in today’s society, they only provide enjoyable entertainment to a particular audience, and problems that occur in the club can lead to problems in the community. One major concern that strip clubs bring to a community is that they show the younger generation that sexual acts are acceptable in today’s society. This can be proven in a number of ways. One way that they show unacceptable behavior is by placing advertisements in newspapers with coupons attached or over the radio and television announcing a wet T-shirt contest or amateur night to name a few. Another way that strip clubs show sexual acceptance is by how well it pays. Since you don’t need a degree to get up on stage and dance to music while removing articles of clothing many young adults think of this as an easy way to make money with out having to get an education. Even some movies and television shows present the idea that strip clubs are acceptable. For instance, Porkeys, a movie made in the seventies which portrays a group of high school kids from a small town sneaking into a strip club and having the time of their lives until being throw out. This alone gives young viewers the belief the sexual acts like stripping are a good thing. It is now at the point where television shows are also encouraging it. One show that makes strip clubs seem acceptable is Married With Children. In this show Al Bundy makes strip clubs out to be the greatest place on earth,...

Comparison Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Comparison Paper - Essay Example There are things new and exciting to some, strange and threatening to others, that have accelerated changes in our way of life. These two schools of thought, apparently in reaction to the changing socio-technical landscape, appear to hurtle headlong into each other. However, as in all discourses, this paper shall seek a reconciliation in principle between them in the context of present-day life. It will be noted that Fosdick used the term â€Å"fundamentalist† to describe the group of people whom we refer to here as â€Å"traditionalist,† for purposes of avoiding the negativity of recent connotations conveyed by the term â€Å"fundamentalist†. Basically, both authors contend on the ground of Christian congregationalism. They express their adherence to the Christian faith, except that they have varying views on what the Christian faith should encompass. The traditionalist view elaborated by Machen holds the Christian faith as defined by institutions, and teachings that have been handed down with the wisdom of the generations must remain essentially intact. Incorporation of beliefs that run counter to this body of beliefs essentially negate the Christian faith and erode its moral ascendancy over non-Christians until nothing differentiates one from the other. On the other hand, the liberal view discussed by Fosdick admits of new truths, and new ways of understanding old truths, and that such new knowledge enhances and deepens understanding of the Faith. Under this view, people could, despite differences of opinion, co-exist in one church, and the Christian label should not be denied anybody. As a point of observation, it is evident that Machen is not so much against change as he is for preserving definitive core beliefs against this change, while the liberal view welcomes changes as part of a gradual, shifting development. The traditionalist is for continuity, which the liberal is

Foreign Currency Matters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Foreign Currency Matters - Essay Example On the other hand, if the functional currency is the Japanese Yen, then there will be no effect on exchange rates. This means that cash flows will not be impacted, hence not included in net income (Financial Accounting Standards Board, 1981). Â  In a situation where more than half of the subsidiary’s revenue is Singapore sources, the Singapore Dollar will be the functional currency but the end of year finances will be reported in Japanese Yen. On the other hand, if more than half of the subsidiary’s revenue is from Japanese sources then the functional and reporting currency will remain as Japanese Yen (Earnest & Young, 2014). Â  4. Remeasurement means that a subsidiary’s functional currency is dominant in record keeping. At the end of the year, the current exchange rates are put into an account before reporting such that any gain or loss is reflected in the income statement. On the other hand, translation means the books are kept on the functional currency and transferred directly to the reporting currency without reflecting any gain or loss out of the exchange process. This can be reflected in the equity books away from financial books (Carmichael, Whittington & Graham, 2007). Â  5. Windbigler’s statement is incorrect when he says that the current exchange rate is defined as the exchange rate between functional currencies and reporting currencies at the balance sheet. In practice, the current exchange rate is defined as exchange rate at the balance sheet of the functional currency before the reporting currency. Alvarez statement is correct concerning monetary assets and liabilities (Georgiades, 2008). Â  

Employee Relation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Employee Relation - Essay Example For instance, this strategy has attracted over 16% of professionals working in the private sector in 2014. Unions have developed several strategies for the attraction of new membership. One of the strategies is the development of a constant communication with the workers. This is one of the core activities adopted by trade unions. They maintain constant contacts with the members, especially in their workplaces. This helps in the attraction of new members through an assurance of the protection of their rights. The communication also aids in the creation of internal debates among the workers and the unions, for the identification of areas that are prone to limitations in terms of membership acquisition. These strategies have shaped the trade unions in relation to an increase in the membership base. In addition, different unions have created special committees that have specific roles that relates to a particular set of workers. For instance, most of the unions have created the women’s department that ensures the female workers of their representation and equal rights in the unions. This strategy has led to the implementation of particular processes for increased membership (Waddington, 2003). It also assumes that for it to succeed in attracting new members, the committees created need to address the issues of the particular groups. This has occurred in several unions that have considered the interests of the workers such as the improvement of their working conditions. The ultimate outcome is that the unions that have considered such interests have registered quite a huge number of new members. Finally, unions have developed interesting strategies that appeal to younger workers to persuade them into the membership (Hollinshead et al. 2003). For instance, the unions organize certain events, debates, and seminars that appeal

Graphene Oxide With Covalently Linked Porphyrin Antennae

Graphene Oxide With Covalently Linked Porphyrin Antennae Swetanshu Tandon Paper Title: Graphene oxide with covalently linked porphyrin antennae: Synthesis,characterization and photophysical properties. Relevant spectroscopic Techniques UV-visible spectroscopy ATR-IR spectroscopy Raman spectroscopy Fluorescence spectroscopy Transient absorption spectroscopy Introduction In this paper, the authors describe the synthesis, characterisation and properties of a hybrid material, GO-H2P, obtained by treating graphene oxide (GO) with 5-(4-aminophenyl)-10, 15, 20-triphenyl-21, 23H-porphyrin (H2P). The characterisation has been done by UV–visible, ATR-IR (Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared) and Raman spectroscopy. Steady state and time resolved fluorescence studies and transient absorption measurements were also conducted to study the electron transfer process from H2P to graphene oxide by photoexcitation. Morphological characterisation has been carried out with the help of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Cyclic voltametry and differential pulsed voltametry were conducted to study the electrochemical characteristics like redox potentials. Choice of techniques Spectroscopic techniques have been carried out on the GO-H2P material dispersed in dimethylformamide at concentration not exceeding 1 mg/mL. UV-visible spectroscopy has been employed in this study due to the presence of porphyrin group which have a characteristic absorption around 420 nm (Soret band) corresponding to a1u(π)–eg*(π) transitions and a weak absorption near 550 nm (Q band).The Soret band involves transition from ground state to second excited state while Q band involves transition from ground state to first excited state. Graphene oxide also shows a characteristic transition at 230 nm again corresponding to π-π* transitions. The nature of linkage can be investigated with the help of this technique. ATR-IR spectroscopy has been used in the study in order to characterise the O–H, C=O, and C–OH bands present in graphene oxide which have characteristic vibrations. Also, in order to confirm the formation of GO-H2P hybrid by the formation of amide units between carboxylic group of graphene oxide and amine group of the porphyrin derivative, ATR-IR spectroscopy can be used. Raman spectroscopy has been used to follow the transformation of graphite to graphene oxide and further to GO-H2P. The sp2 hybridisation in all the three materials, i.e. graphite, graphene and graphene oxide, leads to the formation of different peaks due to first and higher order scattering process. The presence of π-electrons make the scattering process resonant thus making the response stronger. The fluorescence properties of porphyrin derivatives due to π- π* transitions between the two highest occupied molecular orbitals and the two lowest occupied molecular orbitals within the ring justifies the use fluorescence spectroscopy in the study. Fluorescence spectroscopy has been used to examine the nature of electronic interaction between graphene oxide and H2P. The photoexcitability of GO-H2P leads to the application of transient absorption spectroscopy. Transient absorption spectroscopy has allowed the examination of the phenomenon of quenching of luminescence in further detail. Information Obtained A broad monotonically decreasing signal on moving from ultraviolet to visible region was obtained in the UV-visible spectrum of GO-H2P which is characteristic of graphene oxide. The spectrum was obtained in a solution of dimethylformamide at concentration not exceeding 1 mg/mL as mentioned before. Broadening and shortening of the band at 420 nm, characteristic of H2P (Soret-band), is also observed besides its bathochromic shift (by ca. 2 nm) while the Q bands were flattened to the base line. Bathochromic shift signifies increased conjugation. So, it can be concluded that not only there is a linkage between GO and H2P units but also electronic interactions between the two. The ATR-IR spectra provided in the supporting information reveals a peak at 1715 cm-1 corresponding to C=O vibration. The fingerprints are at 3616 cm-1 and 3490 cm-1due to O–H stretching due to their high bond strength. The covalent linkage between GO and H2P moieties is supported by the presence of a peak at 1630 cm-1 which is characteristic of carbonyl group of amide units. The signal due to graphene layer appears in the region ~1650 – 1550 nm. In the Raman spectrum for graphite the G-band, characteristic of all sp2 hybridised carbons, is present at 1580 cm-1. The G/ (or 2D)-band – the first overtone of the D peak which is also a characteristic of all sp2 hybridised carbons – is located at 2725 cm-1 as a sharp and symmetric band. For GO, the Raman spectrum shows a D band, which is a characteristic of disorder for sp2 hybridised carbons, at 1345 cm-1. This accounts for the defects produced due to the oxidation of graphite. Also, the G/-band in GO appears broader and hypsochromically shifted thereby implying the presence of single and bilayers of GO sheets which is further supported by AFM analysis. The Raman spectrum of GO-H2P is almost identical to that of GO. This means that treatment with H2P perturbs the graphene layer of GO to a very small extent. IR as well as Raman spectroscopic techniques have been used in this study to follow the formation of GO-H2P from graphite. Both these techniques complement each other as one (infrared spectroscopy) is applicable to vibrational modes in which the dipole moment of the molecule is altered while the other (Raman spectroscopy) is applicable to modes involving change in the electric polarizability. ATR-IR spectroscopy provides information of the functional groups and thus helps in following and confirming the formation of GO-H2P from graphene oxide and the porphyrin derivative. Raman spectroscopy, on the other hand, supports the observations obtained by infrared spectroscopy. Also, it provides an insight of the extent of disorder of the graphene layer which keeps vibrating. The D band gives information about the extent of disorder in graphene layers. UV-visible spectroscopy provides information about the nature of interaction between GO and H2P units. It, in addition to the data provided b y IR and Raman spectroscopy, points out that transfer of electrons might be possible between the porphyrin units and graphene oxide layers. The nature of electronic interactions of the H2P units with the graphene oxide sheets has been further investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. On excitation with 418 nm radiation, characteristic fluorescence emission H2P, in dimethylformamide, at 660 nm and 716 nm are observed. In GO-H2P, these emissions are significantly quenched. The emission at 660 nm is also shifted by 10 nm hypsochromically. Quantifying the quenching of the porphyrin emission in this hybrid material tends to be a little difficult because of interference from the absorption of graphene oxide at the excitation wavelength. However, the effective emission quenching of porphyrin in the GO-H2P hybrid indicates that electronic interactions between the singlet excited state of the porphyrin and graphene oxide are dominant. The fluorescence lifetime of photoexcited porphyrin in GO-H2P hybrid have been calculated to be 675 ps (50%) and 1600 ps (50%) which is significantly lower than that of the intact porphyrin, H2P (2900 ps (100%)). This further supports the efficient emission quenching by the graphene sheets. The effective quenching of the fluorescence emission due to H2P in GO-H2P implies electronic interaction between the singlet excited state of H2P with GO. So, H2P acts as an energy absorber unit and GO unit acts as an electron transporting unit. Transient absorption spectrum complements the information obtained from fluorescence spectroscopy using Nd-YAG laser. The Q band can be photoexcited by using a laser light source of 532 nm which led to the population of the singlet excited state of H2P. The band absorption, in the transient absorption spectrum, due to oxidised porphyrin species (H2P+) lies in the visible region at 610 nm. The band observed at 450 nm is the characteristic feature of porphyrin and is almost identical to the one observed in the transient absorption spectroscopy of intact H2P. It occurs due to triplet-triplet absorption of the porphyrin. The bands in the near infrared region are due to the electrons trapped within the reduced graphene sheets (GO) in which absorption is observed in the near infrared region due to the presence of GO species. This is further supported by the absorption spectrum of electrochemically reduced graphene oxide. Thus, transient absorption spectrum provides evidence in support of t he formation of charge separated radical ion pair GO H2P+. The depletion observed near 1100 nm is due to the fundamental YAG laser. The decline of transient absorption with time is a proof of the development of charge recombination which de-excites the radical ion pair back to its ground state. The decay profile for these transient species gave a charge-recombination rate constant (kCR) of 1.8 X 107 s1. This allows the evaluation of the lifetime of the radical ion pair GO H2P+ which comes out to be 56 ns in dimethylformamide. This further confirms that the charge separation is the cause of fluorescence quenching. The emission and transient absorption spectroscopy give information about the conductive nature of GO-H2P hybrid. As pointed out in the observations of UV-visible spectroscopy, the nature of bond in between graphene oxide and H2P if not purely covalent but involves electronic interaction too. Fluorescence spectroscopy helps in further examining the nature of interaction of the GO-H2P linkage. It confirms the observations of UV-visible spectroscopy and indicates the presence of charged species as inferred by the short fluorescence lifetime profile. Transient absorption spectroscopy further confirms this. Also, it confirms that the observations of cyclic voltammetry and differential pulsed voltametry which indicate the presence of radical ion pairs GO H2P+. It also indicates the development of charge recombination which drives the radical ion pair back to its ground state. Overall, it gets confirmed that H2P can easily get photoexcited and transfer electron to graphene oxide which is able to capture these electrons effectively. Additional spectroscopic information that may provide useful information The presence of porphyrin moiety makes this substance particularly interesting. This is because of the characteristic Soret band which is used for its identification. Also, the molar extinction coefficient for porphyrins is pretty high. 5-(4-aminophenyl)-10, 15, 20-triphenyl-21, 23H-porphyrin, which has been used in the analysis, is chiral in nature. So, circular dichroic spectroscopy can be conducted. The high value of the molar extinction coefficient would be helpful as it increases the sensitivity of the technique in this study carried out over this porphyrin derivative covalently linked to graphene oxide. The chiral nature would not only help in supporting the data obtained by various characterisation techniques (infrared, UV-visible, Raman spectroscopy) but would prove helpful in the conformational and configurational analysis of the porphyrin as well. It might also help in exploring the chiral nature of the GO-H2P hybrid. Spectra and Tables

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Over het opeten van twee boterhammen doe je langer dan over à ©Ãƒ ©n. Je huiswerk maak je sneller als je niet tegelijkertijd tv kijkt. Een reclame die je dagelijks ziet, onthoud je beter dan een die je minder vaak ziet. Kijk nu naar 2 kinderen, waarvan de à ©Ãƒ ©n tweetalig opgroeit en de ander à ©Ãƒ ©ntalig. Het tweetalige kind heeft het dubbel zo druk, ook is het taalaanbod verdeeld over twee talen. Betekent dit ook dat meertaligen daardoor langzamer zijn in hun taalverwerving? Wat is het effect op de spraak- en taal ontwikkeling? Welke factoren hebben invloed op taalproblemen bij meertalige kinderen? Op al deze vragen zullen we proberen antwoord te geven in deze deelvraag. Wat is tweetaligheid? Tweetaligheid betekent het kunnen gebruiken van twee verschillende talen in diverse communicatievormen. Het komt niet vaak voor dat beide talen even goed beheerst worden, oftewel een gebalanceerde tweetaligheid. Meestal is er sprake van een dominante taal, deze wordt makkelijker gebruikt dan de tweede taal. Er bestaan twee verschillende soorten tweetaligheid: simultane en successieve tweetaligheid. Simultane tweetaligheid Er is sprake van simultane tweetaligheid als een kind twee (soms drie) talen gelijktijdig aanleert. Vanaf jongs af aan worden de talen aangeboden. Van beide talen moeten de woordstructuur, woordvorming en zinsleer worden verworven. In allebei de talen gaan kinderen door dezelfde taalontwikkeling als kinderen die à ©Ãƒ ©ntalig worden opgevoed. Simultane opvoeding vergt een bepaalde structuur van de ouders. In bepaalde situaties moet een bepaalde taal worden gesproken. Thuis bijvoorbeeld Engels en op school Nederlands. Successieve tweetaligheid Als een kind tot op een latere leeftijd à ©Ãƒ ©ntalig wordt opgevoed en dan pas in aanraking komt met ... ... in het onderwijs voorkomt. Vaak draait het in zulke gevallen om groepen die minderwaardig worden gezien in een samenleving, zoals Marokkanen in Nederland. Dit wordt ook wel subtractieve tweetaligheid genoemd. Dit houdt in dat een kind 2 talen kan spreken en gebruiken maar beide talen zijn van (te) lage kwaliteit. De andere vorm is additieve tweetaligheid, de eerste taal/moedertaal wordt op een voldoende manier gebruikt en daarom kan er een tweede taal aan worden toegevoegd. Op deze manier van het gebruiken van twee talen ontstaan positieve effecten. Doordat meertalige kinderen al vanaf jongs af aan zich veel bezighouden met taal en verschillen in talen, zijn zij zich er snel bewust van wanneer er bepaalde taalverschijnselen voorkomen. Zij kunnen dit verbinden aan verschijnselen die zij in verschillende talen kennen en daardoor leren ze de nieuwe fenomenen snel aan.