Summary Delivering Customer Value Based on Service...

Delivering Customer Values Summary for â€Å"Delivering Customer Value Based on Service Process: The Example of Tesco.com† * Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 3 2.0 The Ten Key Points in the Study 4 2.1 Customer Switching 4 2.2 Efficient Service Process Leads to Customer Loyalty 4 2.3 Importance of Service Process 5 2.4 Tesco.com’s Service Process 5 2.5 Tesco.com’s Customer Value Delivery 5 2.6 The Four Ps: Product 6 2.7 The Four Ps: Price 6 2.8 The Four Ps: Place 6 2.9 The Four Ps: Promotion 7 2.10 Conclusion 7 References 8 Introduction This report summarizes and identifies the key points for the article â€Å"Delivering Customer Value Based on Service Process: The Example of Tesco.com†. The main†¦show more content†¦Tesco s service concept is based on delivering as simply and cheaply as possible as a response to its customers wanting â€Å"more for less†. (Ma and Ding, 2010) 2.4 Tesco.com’s Service Process Tesco is a company that adopts new service processes to improve customer value. Tesco.com’s managers face challenges such as marketing, training, employees’ welfare, development and control, attention to physical surroundings, scheduling workforces, and many more. Tesco.com’s service processes are of two types: front office (direct customer interaction with Tesco’s employees in the shopping process), and back office (indirect customer participation in the process online). 2.5 Tesco.com’s Customer Value Delivery The study states that customer value and satisfaction is directly related to the benefit that a product or service provides. Tesco regards its customers as the very center of their business, which is why they created a new service process (Tesco.com, 2011) to create value for customers. Therefore, delivering superior service which manages to satisfy the customer can lead to higher customer loyalty and retention, higher market share and lower costs. 2.6 The Four Ps: Product The study indicates that Tesco’s progression in product offering not only increases their market share but also offers their customers with a wider variety of products to choose from. It also offers its own line,

Personal Experience Of Science - 2166 Words

Personal Experience Of Science Born as I was into the immediate post-war generation, my thinking on science parallels in many ways the generation as a whole. We came along in the aftermath of the first scientific war – fought between countries with, in many ways, highly-developed technologies, which served to both fuel and end the conflict (Brehm, Kassin, Fein, 1999, cited in Schneider, Grunman Coutts, 2005). But then came the first inklings that there was both more and less to science than shiny new machines, even killing machines. The social experiments of Milgram (1965) and the cold behaviorism of Skinner (Operant Conditioning, 2007) surfaced into the popular consciousness, and arguably fueled the lingering revulsion over the part†¦show more content†¦In some ways it has had its time as a more logically-based discipline, in the rapid post-war rise of psychology and psychologists (Blatt, 1975; Reich, 1981, also cited in Schneider et al.) -- the highest-profiled being perhaps Milgram (ibid.) and Zimbardo (Haney, Banks, and Zimbardo, 1973). In particular, largely laboratory-based social psychologists almost broke away from â€Å"applied† researchers through the immediate post-war period (Reich). They then came came under substantial fire during the 1960s, first for â€Å"inhuman† implications of some of the research, and then for failing to attend to pressing social problems. Science, Psychology And The Role Of Theory Despite this, however, psychology retained the potential to be more of a science, in the driving force of all inquiries and the enabler of critical thinking: the search for new knowledge derived from combination of theory and induction (Allmark, 2003; Gomory; Popper, 1963). Thus the move back towards â€Å"applied social psychology†, with a firmer academic and scientific basis, reflected in the founding of the Journal of Applied Social Psychology in 1971, followed shortly by university-level degree programs. Indeed, Smedslund stressed the vital role of theory – that devoid of strong theory, the temptation is to adopt studies that â€Å"make sense,† based on accepted concepts that are known to be related, but that may actually form part of the sameShow MoreRelatedMedicine As A Human Science Essay1420 Words   |  6 PagesMEDICINE AS A HUMAN SCIENCE 2 Mukherjee (2015) talks about the three laws of medicine however these are his personal laws that may or may not be followed by other health professionals. He explains each law that he had learned through personal experiences with patients. The first law is ‘A strong intuition is much more powerful than a weak test,’ explains that there may be some hidden variable when diagnosing a patient that could be crucial in life or death situations. A variableRead MoreKnowledge Is The Fundamental Understanding Of Knowledge1422 Words   |  6 Pagesthey do. Knowledge is what I understand and achieve through certain experiences or education. 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Toyota Company Analysis Free Essays

Toyota Motor Company has been a strong competitor in the global automobile market since its inception in 1937. Today Toyota has become a globally recognized brand and has won the coveted spot as the worlds top selling auto manufacturer, with 17% total market share. Despite many challenges Toyota has remained relatively financially stable consistent with the SP 500 and continues to provide low cost high efficiency vehicles appealing to various demographics with the implementation of a high end luxury line (Lexus) as well as a line catering towards the younger market (Scion). We will write a custom essay sample on Toyota Company Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Toyota Motor Company  prides itself on the successful implementation of a lean manufacturing system including a one of a kind just in time production system. The success of their inventory management and strong supply chain is apparent through their strong sales to inventory ratio and inventory turnover average between 10 to 15 days. Toyota has also exhibited consistently positive EVA rates which indicates high efficiency and value per capital. Although this practice has cut costs for the company, it has also affected sales in a negative light. In 2010 and 2011 when natural disasters hit the areas of their suppliers, Toyota did not have enough parts to complete necessary purchase orders and keep up with consumer demand. For this reason the sales figures from those years are lower than what they were anticipated to be. Despite  these challenges, investors should maintain confident in the efficiency of their invested capital in Toyota, represented by a continuously rising ROE in comparison to its competitors. Toyotas  dividend yield ratio is very attractive to investors as well with 1. 3% compared to the industry average of 1. 1% despite a significant drop in 2008. When looking at the auto industry, investors should take into consideration that Toyota remains competitive despite not receiving the government bailouts provided to the American manufacturers. Toyota features various threats specifically their slow pace in innovation and structure reform. Another notable area of concern is the diminishing market share of their high end line Lexus. Despite these threats Toyotas earning expansion is at an all time high. A focal point of consideration of many analysts and investors is the volatility of the Yen. When looking at Toyotas 1 year growth of -2. 6% which is heavily understated due to the volatility of the Yen, which has effected consumer behavior as well as purchasing power. With the value of the Yen becoming less powerful, Toyota has the opportunity to leverage this to their advantage through relationships with suppliers and improved export profitability. The future success of Toyota will depend on whether or not they are able to keep up with the fuel economy and safety features of other manufacturers. If they are able to do this effectively while also reducing costs using advantages from the diminishing value of the Yen the outlook for this company looks very positive for potential investors. How to cite Toyota Company Analysis, Essay examples

Audit - Assurance and Compliance Malaysian Loan

Question: Describe about the Audit, Assurance and Compliance for Malaysian Loan. Answer: 1. Liability of King and Queen regarding EFL Liability of EFL on King and Queen will be imposed if as an auditor they fail to take reasonable care and skills in their audit work, and it adversely affects immediate clients and persons related to them (Mainardi, 2011). Fail to take care of due diligence is a violation of professional standards of the audit. In accordance with the audit standards of Australia, Auditor must operate with prudence and must exercise sufficient skills and care related to their profession. For this aspect, the case of Pacific Acceptance Corporation V Forsyth and others (1970) WN (NSW) 29 can be considered. In this case, Moffit J had cited that it is beyond the question that in a situation where auditor in a capacity of their profession when they enter into a contractual relationship with a client they make an implied promise that they will perform their task with due diligence in all situation as they then exist. The statement provided by Moffit J clearly shows that auditor has a legal obligation to perform their task with proper skills. Negligence can be defined as an action which is considered to be careless which results in a breach of contractual duty or in the absence of contractual relationship then duty of care. In a situation where the auditor is not satisfied their duties, they are considered to be negligent in conducting audit work (Windmller, 2010). As a consequence, they are legally liable for the loss occurred due to their negligent actions. In the case of King and Queen, reference of ASA 200 can be taken. In accordance with the provisions covered in this ASA, the auditor is liable to consider the proposed use of loan by management by considering their financial report. This obligation is applicable despite the fact that framework of the financial report does not take explicit requirement for a finance company to take an appropriate assessment of companys ability to borrow and continuation of debt (Lenard and Alam 2010). By considering the above-described provisions and case laws, King and Queen have a responsibility to obtain an understanding of company along with the events and conditions in which they operate. Violation by King and Queen of this provision imposes substantial doubt on the capability of the firm in performing procedures of the audit. On the basis of above-described aspects, King and Queen will be liable to EFL as they are in a faulty position to provide accurate credentials regarding the financial report. Further, the case study shows unqualified report without mentioning the fact of reducing debtor and inventory turnover. The auditor does not carry out detail proceedings which lead to misleading opinion. Further, by considering opinion on auditors, EFL had provided the loan to Impulse and report is misleading so auditors are liable to EFL. Henceforth, EFL is entitled to sue King Queen for the damages occurred to them as they fail to provide accurate credentials. Impact on advice if they intended to make a loan to Impulse and were relying on the 2012 audited financial report Yes in that situation there will be the difference in the advice it is because EFL had made a specific request to audit firms that they are making their decision by considering audited statement provided by King Queen. In such situation, EFL had cleared their intention to the audit firm, and they had provided their specific comments on regarding their query. Furthermore, in this case, provision of negligence will also not apply as there is a contractual relationship between the parties (Kaptein, 2012). EFL had evaluated the financial performance of Impulse Pty Ltd, so they were about the solvency position of the company and were require to make a decision with prudence. However, they failed to do so and had provided a loan to Impulse Pty Ltd. In this case, thus liability cannot be imposed on King and Queen Audit firm. 2. Actual and perceived independence Auditor independence can be defined as independence from parties that have an interest in financial statements that are proposed to be audited. This approach is applicable in the case of both external auditor and internal auditor (Chen, Elder and Liu, 2005). Independence is essential for audit work else auditor opinion will be biased, and stakeholders will not be able to make viable decisions as they do not about financial facts of the company. Independence of auditor requires integrity and objective approach in order to satisfy the work. There are two vital aspects regarding the independence of the auditor, which are essential to be understood i.e. Real independence and perceived independence (Haber, 2005). Both these two forms are essential to attain goals of independence. The real independence is concerned with a mind state in which the auditor is and also on how auditor reacts in or deals with a specified situation. An auditor being independent possess the capability of undertaking independent decision even though there exists a perceived lack of independence, or wherein an auditor is put in a compromising spot by the directors of the company. There are difficulties in identifying auditors true interdependence, as it is impossible to acknowledge person mental state and individual integrity (Palmon and et.al., 2010). Auditors objectivity should be beyond questionings. It has been seen important that an auditor needs to appear independent also and not just act independently. If the auditor is independent but certain factors direct people otherwise situation, this could potentially indicate that the auditing report doesnt represent a factual and rational view (Windmller, 2000.). The perceived independence further lowers the possibility for an auditor to do else than independently, which thus adds credibility to the overall auditing report. Provided the relevance of independence and fairness within internal audit functions it is a highly important factor to be considered in this opinion. The credibility and viability of the entire auditing function are in question if, by taking part in the specific activity, auditors are taking a chance with their autonomy. As per the SPPIA (Standards for the Professional practice of Internal Auditing), the requisites for independence and fairness can be stated in brief as follows: internal auditors must be independent of the activities they are auditing (Bakar, Rahman and Rashid, 2005). This form of independence allows internal auditors to put forth their work without any ambiguity. In the absence of independence, desirable results cannot be gained from internal auditing. Independence is gained from organisational objectivity and status. While objectivity directs towards the independent mental attitude that is required to be maintained in conducting various audits. Evaluation of independent situations Situation 1: In the current situation, Bob utilises the financial information of Club Casino to complete its university assignments. He does copy the information but eradicates all references, which are in connection with the Club Casino. As an audit assistant, it is his mere duty to maintain the confidentiality of any company financial details. As per ASA 230, it is important for an auditor to adopt procedures that direct towards sustaining the confidentiality, integrity, safe custody, retrievability and accessibility of audit documents. Further 210.13 of professional standards direct that an existing Accountant is obliged to maintain confidentiality (Auditing Standard ASA 700, 2013). It is to be confirmed that whether the auditor is allowed to discuss the affairs of client depends upon the type of engagement. Thus, It is important to check: Whether client has obtained the requisite permission to do so, or There is any legal or ethical requirement to such disclosure, It is the utmost duty of an auditor to maintain the secrecy of documents and not be a defaulter in any case. In the current scenario if Bob wants to make use of information it is his responsibility to inform and do so with the prior permission of Club Casino. Situation 2: In this case, Wendy being the engagement partner of Ace Limited audits for a substantial period of time. When the company secretary of Ace retired, it took six moths for them to find a replacement. On request of Ace Limited, Wendy performed the duties of company secretary for till the period of time the position was vacant, i.e., six months. As per the ASA 220.2, the engagement partners have the appropriate capability and competence to perform the audit engagement as per the Australian Auditing Standards. They can also enable audit report wherein there are any circumstances. They are responsible for the supervision and direction of the entire audit work further discharging the responsibilities wherever required. The duties of Company Secretary range from administrative duties like the company maintenance of records and personal management, to duties as diverse ensuring company compliances (Barth, Landsman and Lang, 2008). If an engagement partner serves as a Company secretary as an Assurance client, it may create advocacy threats but if they perform routinely administrative services to support the functions of company secretarial or in the case where they provide advice it does not bring any threat in relation to independence. Thus, if Wendy has performed all the administrative functions and posed no threat to independence, it can act as company secretary in such circumstances. Situation 3: In this situation, it has been seen that Leo belongs to an audit firm whos major client is Precision Machinery Limited. Leo is the first-born son of the factory foreman of Precision Machinery Limited. During vacation, Leo has been appointed to audit Precision Machinery regarding its internal controls in reference to the system of cash payments. As per 100.5, a member of Public practice in professional competency is required to follow the following principles: Integrity: to be honest in serving all professional and business relationships. Objectivity: not permitting any bias decision or conflicting interests overriding its professional decisions (APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants, 2010). Maintaining professional competence and skill to serve them in accordance with the professional standards The threat is perceived when a Member acknowledges or reasonably expects to acknowledge the circumstances or relationship, which is likely to result in compromising compliance in accordance with the fundamental principles. As per the standards of 100.12, in the current situation there is a Familiarity threat because of Leo, i.e., auditor (member) is in close relationship with Precision Machinery Limited, i.e., the client. The Member is likely to be sympathetic towards its interests. Thus, it is advisable not to allow Leo to audit the internal controls of the cash payment system of Precision Machinery limited, as it is likely to pose familiarity threat causing ambiguity in the auditing. Situation 4 Lastly, the case of Chan Associates who are the auditors of Classic Reproduction Pty Limited, huge furniture wholesaler is facing financial crises. The Classic Reproduction is unable to pay the audit fee for past 3 years to the Chan Associates. The audit company threatens to resign from the company on non-payment of outstanding fees of Classic reproduction. As per the professional standards of 290.223, there is the persistence of self-interest threat when an Audit client does not pay the fees for a long duration. Especially wherein a significant part of it remains unpaid before the issue of the audit report. Other than that in cases where the report has been issued, the presence and relevance of threat are assessed, and safeguard is applied to eliminate the threat or reduce to some extent (Barton, 2005). The Audit firm in such cases have the right to determine the overdue of fees equivalent to a loan to its client, or as a result of the essentials of past dues, it is suitable for the firm to decide whether it wants to continue its audit engagement or not. In the current case, Chan and Associate have the right to pose a threat to the company to discontinue its services with the firm due to the outstanding payments. Furthermore, also has the right to receive payment in the form of furniture and shares as the outstanding fees can be considered as a loan to Classic Reproduction Pty Limited. Reference Journals Bakar, N.B.A., Rahman, A.R.A. and Rashid, H.M.A., 2015. Factors influencing auditor independence: Malaysian loan officers' perceptions.Managerial Auditing Journal.20(8). Pp.804-822. Barth, M.E., Landsman, W.R. and Lang, M.H., 2008. International accounting standards and accounting quality.Journal of accounting research.46(3). Pp.467-498. Barton, A., 2008. Professional accounting standards and the public sectora mismatch.Abacus.41(2). Pp.138-158. Chen, K.Y., Elder, R.J. and Liu, J.L., 2010. Auditor independence, audit quality and auditor-client negotiation outcomes: some evidence from Taiwan.Journal of Contemporary Accounting Economics.1(2). Pp.119-146. Haber, J.R., 2012. Does being the auditor impair independence?.The CPA Journal,75(6), p.12. Palmon, D. and et.al. 2010. A theoretical model of cognitive factors that affect auditors' performance and perceived independence.International Journal of Behavioural Accounting and Finance.1(3). pp.239-267. Windmller, R., 2010. The auditor market and auditor independence.European Accounting Review.9(4). Pp.639-642. Kaptein, P. S., 2012. Ethics Management: Auditing and Developing the Ethical Content of Organizations. Springer Science Business Media. Lenard, M. J. and Alam, P., 2010. A Historical Perspective on Fraud Detection: From Bankruptcy Models to Most Effective Indicators of Fraud in Recent Incidents.Journal of Forensing Investigative Accounting, 1(1), 1-27. Mainardi, L. R., 2011. Harnessing the Power of Continuous Auditing:Developing and Implementing a Practical Methodology. John Wiley Sons. Online APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants, 2010. [PDF]. Available from https://www.apesb.org.au/uploads/standards/apesb_standards/standard1.pdf. [Accessed on 30th November 2016]. Auditing Standard ASA 700, 2013. [PDF]. Available from https://www.auasb.gov.au/admin/file/content102/c3/Jul13_Compiled_Auditing_Standard_ASA_700.pdf. [Accessed on 30th November 2016].

Creating Student Engagement in Online Learning Environment

Abstract To contribute to creating and stimulating student engagement in online learning environments, it is important to focus on such factors as the increase of students’ motivation, focus on independent and inquiry-based learning, the active role of instructors, and the usage of contemporary learning management systems in order to organize online learning environments according to the set standards of learner-centered education.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Creating Student Engagement in Online Learning Environment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Creating Student Engagement in Online Learning Environment Modern learning environments provide students with a lot of opportunities to develop their potential and contribute to academic performance. Many students who are inclined to improve their education choose online learning courses or distance learning in order to use all the advantages of th e online learner-centered education where instructors perform the role of guides. In spite of the fact that distance learning is popular among students, it is important to pay attention to specific aspects of the student engagement in the online learning environment because distance learning based on online technologies is the rather new approach to the study process and students engagement is one of the most influential challenges. To facilitate student engagement in the online learning environment and contribute to increasing students’ motivation and interest in learning, it is necessary to analyze such factors as students’ attitude to distance learning, management of online learning, and position of a teacher in the process. If face-to-face learning is based on measuring student engagement with the help of focusing on class attendance, the engagement of students in online learning can be measured only with references to their academic performance and online activiti es while posting and participating in online discussions. From this point, the concept of interaction should be also followed in online environments in order to contribute to the student engagement. Duffy and Kirkley state that online learning is the next step to the effective learner-centered education because distance learning provides resources for the inquiry-based learning focused on the students’ achievements and their independent efforts to learn new information and develop new skills (Duffy Kirkley, 2004). As a result, the idea of student engagement should be discussed in relation to students’ readiness to participate actively in online learning in order to improve their knowledge, skills, and abilities (Beffa-Negrini, Cohen, Miller, 2002). Student engagement can be facilitated with the help of strategies focused on increasing students’ motivation and confidence.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, changes in relation to student engagement in online learning can be influenced by instructors who develop online courses, choose and prepare the materials, and work out effective schedules. According to Sull, a teacher should provide students with all the opportunities to be active in online learning, and these activities include the focus on responsiveness, online discussions, effective online materials, and active use of electronic devices (Sull, 2013). Teachers regulate student engagement within the classroom environments directly that is why any negative changes in students’ attitudes to the course or their academic performance caused by the decreased engagement can be overcome with the help of effective interaction. Student engagement can be affected with instructors’ responsiveness and readiness to assist (Sull, 2013). Distance learning does not provide such opportunities, and teachers should concentrate mo re on developing successful strategies to evoke students’ interest in the course to stimulate engagement and prevent possible negative outcomes. Academic performance and general success of those students learning online and their engagement in the process depend significantly on the materials used in education to stimulate their motivation, inquiry needs, and critical thinking. It is important to note that rather new learning tools and resources are used within the online learning environments, and instructors can exploit the challenging resources in order to develop effective assignments (Gilbert, 2000). However, students’ confidence depends significantly not only on the approaches to manage online learning but also on students’ enthusiasm and intrinsic motivation. To engage students into online learning, it is necessary to appeal to their inner motives to study because distance learning provides a lot of opportunities for students to learn and do the necessary research independently, while developing critical thinking and other skills (Beffa-Negrini, Cohen, Miller, 2002). One more factor which influences the level of student engagement in distance learning is the management of the systems used to regulate the technical aspects of online learning. Today, there are many systems which regulate the online learning environments according to instructors’ objectives and expected outcomes. Online learning depends on the effective administration of the associated documentation and materials necessary for courses. Different learning management systems are developed to improve the aspects of administration in order to provide students with the high-quality systems which are convenient to use.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Creating Student Engagement in Online Learning Environment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Contributing to administration of online learni ng, these applications are also important to influence student engagement because different programs function as systems to control students’ online activities and engagement (Beffa-Negrini, Cohen, Miller, 2002; Gilbert, 2000). Moreover, the developed learning management programs can contribute to the online discussions and interactions of instructors and students along with providing the standards to which it is important to orient. Thus, the concept of student engagement is changed with references to the idea of online learning. To create the necessary student engagement, it is important to develop strategies effective for increasing and stimulating students’ motivation and to use contemporary learning management systems in order to organize the process appropriately in relation to the standards of learner-centered education the principles of which are followed in distance learning. References Beffa-Negrini, P. A., Cohen, N. L., Miller, B. (2002). Strategies to mot ivate students in online learning environments. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behaviour, 34(6), 334-340. Duffy, T. M., Kirkley, J. R. (2004). Learner-centered theory and practice in distance education: Cases from higher education. USA: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Gilbert, S. D. (2000). How to be a successful online student. USA: McGraw Hill Professional. Sull, E. C. (2013). Student engagement in the online classroom. Retrieved from https://www.chronicle.com/article/Student-Engagement-in-the/136897/ This research paper on Creating Student Engagement in Online Learning Environment was written and submitted by user Sheev Palpatine to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Changing Up Our Act

A boy and his father were stopped at a red light. The boy out his window and notices a bright neon sign, ands asks his father â€Å"What dose XXX mean?† The father quickly changes the subject and drives away. This is just one of the questions and controversy that a strip club could bring to a community. It seems that in the past decade strip clubs have been sprouting up all across the country, sometimes in small communities. Strip clubs are detrimental in that they show that sexual acts are acceptable in today’s society, they only provide enjoyable entertainment to a particular audience, and problems that occur in the club can lead to problems in the community. One major concern that strip clubs bring to a community is that they show the younger generation that sexual acts are acceptable in today’s society. This can be proven in a number of ways. One way that they show unacceptable behavior is by placing advertisements in newspapers with coupons attached or over the radio and television announcing a wet T-shirt contest or amateur night to name a few. Another way that strip clubs show sexual acceptance is by how well it pays. Since you don’t need a degree to get up on stage and dance to music while removing articles of clothing many young adults think of this as an easy way to make money with out having to get an education. Even some movies and television shows present the idea that strip clubs are acceptable. For instance, Porkeys, a movie made in the seventies which portrays a group of high school kids from a small town sneaking into a strip club and having the time of their lives until being throw out. This alone gives young viewers the belief the sexual acts like stripping are a good thing. It is now at the point where television shows are also encouraging it. One show that makes strip clubs seem acceptable is Married With Children. In this show Al Bundy makes strip clubs out to be the greatest place on earth,... Free Essays on Changing Up Our Act Free Essays on Changing Up Our Act A boy and his father were stopped at a red light. The boy out his window and notices a bright neon sign, ands asks his father â€Å"What dose XXX mean?† The father quickly changes the subject and drives away. This is just one of the questions and controversy that a strip club could bring to a community. It seems that in the past decade strip clubs have been sprouting up all across the country, sometimes in small communities. Strip clubs are detrimental in that they show that sexual acts are acceptable in today’s society, they only provide enjoyable entertainment to a particular audience, and problems that occur in the club can lead to problems in the community. One major concern that strip clubs bring to a community is that they show the younger generation that sexual acts are acceptable in today’s society. This can be proven in a number of ways. One way that they show unacceptable behavior is by placing advertisements in newspapers with coupons attached or over the radio and television announcing a wet T-shirt contest or amateur night to name a few. Another way that strip clubs show sexual acceptance is by how well it pays. Since you don’t need a degree to get up on stage and dance to music while removing articles of clothing many young adults think of this as an easy way to make money with out having to get an education. Even some movies and television shows present the idea that strip clubs are acceptable. For instance, Porkeys, a movie made in the seventies which portrays a group of high school kids from a small town sneaking into a strip club and having the time of their lives until being throw out. This alone gives young viewers the belief the sexual acts like stripping are a good thing. It is now at the point where television shows are also encouraging it. One show that makes strip clubs seem acceptable is Married With Children. In this show Al Bundy makes strip clubs out to be the greatest place on earth,...

Comparison Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Comparison Paper - Essay Example There are things new and exciting to some, strange and threatening to others, that have accelerated changes in our way of life. These two schools of thought, apparently in reaction to the changing socio-technical landscape, appear to hurtle headlong into each other. However, as in all discourses, this paper shall seek a reconciliation in principle between them in the context of present-day life. It will be noted that Fosdick used the term â€Å"fundamentalist† to describe the group of people whom we refer to here as â€Å"traditionalist,† for purposes of avoiding the negativity of recent connotations conveyed by the term â€Å"fundamentalist†. Basically, both authors contend on the ground of Christian congregationalism. They express their adherence to the Christian faith, except that they have varying views on what the Christian faith should encompass. The traditionalist view elaborated by Machen holds the Christian faith as defined by institutions, and teachings that have been handed down with the wisdom of the generations must remain essentially intact. Incorporation of beliefs that run counter to this body of beliefs essentially negate the Christian faith and erode its moral ascendancy over non-Christians until nothing differentiates one from the other. On the other hand, the liberal view discussed by Fosdick admits of new truths, and new ways of understanding old truths, and that such new knowledge enhances and deepens understanding of the Faith. Under this view, people could, despite differences of opinion, co-exist in one church, and the Christian label should not be denied anybody. As a point of observation, it is evident that Machen is not so much against change as he is for preserving definitive core beliefs against this change, while the liberal view welcomes changes as part of a gradual, shifting development. The traditionalist is for continuity, which the liberal is

Foreign Currency Matters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Foreign Currency Matters - Essay Example On the other hand, if the functional currency is the Japanese Yen, then there will be no effect on exchange rates. This means that cash flows will not be impacted, hence not included in net income (Financial Accounting Standards Board, 1981). Â  In a situation where more than half of the subsidiary’s revenue is Singapore sources, the Singapore Dollar will be the functional currency but the end of year finances will be reported in Japanese Yen. On the other hand, if more than half of the subsidiary’s revenue is from Japanese sources then the functional and reporting currency will remain as Japanese Yen (Earnest & Young, 2014). Â  4. Remeasurement means that a subsidiary’s functional currency is dominant in record keeping. At the end of the year, the current exchange rates are put into an account before reporting such that any gain or loss is reflected in the income statement. On the other hand, translation means the books are kept on the functional currency and transferred directly to the reporting currency without reflecting any gain or loss out of the exchange process. This can be reflected in the equity books away from financial books (Carmichael, Whittington & Graham, 2007). Â  5. Windbigler’s statement is incorrect when he says that the current exchange rate is defined as the exchange rate between functional currencies and reporting currencies at the balance sheet. In practice, the current exchange rate is defined as exchange rate at the balance sheet of the functional currency before the reporting currency. Alvarez statement is correct concerning monetary assets and liabilities (Georgiades, 2008). Â  

Employee Relation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Employee Relation - Essay Example For instance, this strategy has attracted over 16% of professionals working in the private sector in 2014. Unions have developed several strategies for the attraction of new membership. One of the strategies is the development of a constant communication with the workers. This is one of the core activities adopted by trade unions. They maintain constant contacts with the members, especially in their workplaces. This helps in the attraction of new members through an assurance of the protection of their rights. The communication also aids in the creation of internal debates among the workers and the unions, for the identification of areas that are prone to limitations in terms of membership acquisition. These strategies have shaped the trade unions in relation to an increase in the membership base. In addition, different unions have created special committees that have specific roles that relates to a particular set of workers. For instance, most of the unions have created the women’s department that ensures the female workers of their representation and equal rights in the unions. This strategy has led to the implementation of particular processes for increased membership (Waddington, 2003). It also assumes that for it to succeed in attracting new members, the committees created need to address the issues of the particular groups. This has occurred in several unions that have considered the interests of the workers such as the improvement of their working conditions. The ultimate outcome is that the unions that have considered such interests have registered quite a huge number of new members. Finally, unions have developed interesting strategies that appeal to younger workers to persuade them into the membership (Hollinshead et al. 2003). For instance, the unions organize certain events, debates, and seminars that appeal

Graphene Oxide With Covalently Linked Porphyrin Antennae

Graphene Oxide With Covalently Linked Porphyrin Antennae Swetanshu Tandon Paper Title: Graphene oxide with covalently linked porphyrin antennae: Synthesis,characterization and photophysical properties. Relevant spectroscopic Techniques UV-visible spectroscopy ATR-IR spectroscopy Raman spectroscopy Fluorescence spectroscopy Transient absorption spectroscopy Introduction In this paper, the authors describe the synthesis, characterisation and properties of a hybrid material, GO-H2P, obtained by treating graphene oxide (GO) with 5-(4-aminophenyl)-10, 15, 20-triphenyl-21, 23H-porphyrin (H2P). The characterisation has been done by UV–visible, ATR-IR (Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared) and Raman spectroscopy. Steady state and time resolved fluorescence studies and transient absorption measurements were also conducted to study the electron transfer process from H2P to graphene oxide by photoexcitation. Morphological characterisation has been carried out with the help of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Cyclic voltametry and differential pulsed voltametry were conducted to study the electrochemical characteristics like redox potentials. Choice of techniques Spectroscopic techniques have been carried out on the GO-H2P material dispersed in dimethylformamide at concentration not exceeding 1 mg/mL. UV-visible spectroscopy has been employed in this study due to the presence of porphyrin group which have a characteristic absorption around 420 nm (Soret band) corresponding to a1u(π)–eg*(π) transitions and a weak absorption near 550 nm (Q band).The Soret band involves transition from ground state to second excited state while Q band involves transition from ground state to first excited state. Graphene oxide also shows a characteristic transition at 230 nm again corresponding to π-π* transitions. The nature of linkage can be investigated with the help of this technique. ATR-IR spectroscopy has been used in the study in order to characterise the O–H, C=O, and C–OH bands present in graphene oxide which have characteristic vibrations. Also, in order to confirm the formation of GO-H2P hybrid by the formation of amide units between carboxylic group of graphene oxide and amine group of the porphyrin derivative, ATR-IR spectroscopy can be used. Raman spectroscopy has been used to follow the transformation of graphite to graphene oxide and further to GO-H2P. The sp2 hybridisation in all the three materials, i.e. graphite, graphene and graphene oxide, leads to the formation of different peaks due to first and higher order scattering process. The presence of π-electrons make the scattering process resonant thus making the response stronger. The fluorescence properties of porphyrin derivatives due to π- π* transitions between the two highest occupied molecular orbitals and the two lowest occupied molecular orbitals within the ring justifies the use fluorescence spectroscopy in the study. Fluorescence spectroscopy has been used to examine the nature of electronic interaction between graphene oxide and H2P. The photoexcitability of GO-H2P leads to the application of transient absorption spectroscopy. Transient absorption spectroscopy has allowed the examination of the phenomenon of quenching of luminescence in further detail. Information Obtained A broad monotonically decreasing signal on moving from ultraviolet to visible region was obtained in the UV-visible spectrum of GO-H2P which is characteristic of graphene oxide. The spectrum was obtained in a solution of dimethylformamide at concentration not exceeding 1 mg/mL as mentioned before. Broadening and shortening of the band at 420 nm, characteristic of H2P (Soret-band), is also observed besides its bathochromic shift (by ca. 2 nm) while the Q bands were flattened to the base line. Bathochromic shift signifies increased conjugation. So, it can be concluded that not only there is a linkage between GO and H2P units but also electronic interactions between the two. The ATR-IR spectra provided in the supporting information reveals a peak at 1715 cm-1 corresponding to C=O vibration. The fingerprints are at 3616 cm-1 and 3490 cm-1due to O–H stretching due to their high bond strength. The covalent linkage between GO and H2P moieties is supported by the presence of a peak at 1630 cm-1 which is characteristic of carbonyl group of amide units. The signal due to graphene layer appears in the region ~1650 – 1550 nm. In the Raman spectrum for graphite the G-band, characteristic of all sp2 hybridised carbons, is present at 1580 cm-1. The G/ (or 2D)-band – the first overtone of the D peak which is also a characteristic of all sp2 hybridised carbons – is located at 2725 cm-1 as a sharp and symmetric band. For GO, the Raman spectrum shows a D band, which is a characteristic of disorder for sp2 hybridised carbons, at 1345 cm-1. This accounts for the defects produced due to the oxidation of graphite. Also, the G/-band in GO appears broader and hypsochromically shifted thereby implying the presence of single and bilayers of GO sheets which is further supported by AFM analysis. The Raman spectrum of GO-H2P is almost identical to that of GO. This means that treatment with H2P perturbs the graphene layer of GO to a very small extent. IR as well as Raman spectroscopic techniques have been used in this study to follow the formation of GO-H2P from graphite. Both these techniques complement each other as one (infrared spectroscopy) is applicable to vibrational modes in which the dipole moment of the molecule is altered while the other (Raman spectroscopy) is applicable to modes involving change in the electric polarizability. ATR-IR spectroscopy provides information of the functional groups and thus helps in following and confirming the formation of GO-H2P from graphene oxide and the porphyrin derivative. Raman spectroscopy, on the other hand, supports the observations obtained by infrared spectroscopy. Also, it provides an insight of the extent of disorder of the graphene layer which keeps vibrating. The D band gives information about the extent of disorder in graphene layers. UV-visible spectroscopy provides information about the nature of interaction between GO and H2P units. It, in addition to the data provided b y IR and Raman spectroscopy, points out that transfer of electrons might be possible between the porphyrin units and graphene oxide layers. The nature of electronic interactions of the H2P units with the graphene oxide sheets has been further investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. On excitation with 418 nm radiation, characteristic fluorescence emission H2P, in dimethylformamide, at 660 nm and 716 nm are observed. In GO-H2P, these emissions are significantly quenched. The emission at 660 nm is also shifted by 10 nm hypsochromically. Quantifying the quenching of the porphyrin emission in this hybrid material tends to be a little difficult because of interference from the absorption of graphene oxide at the excitation wavelength. However, the effective emission quenching of porphyrin in the GO-H2P hybrid indicates that electronic interactions between the singlet excited state of the porphyrin and graphene oxide are dominant. The fluorescence lifetime of photoexcited porphyrin in GO-H2P hybrid have been calculated to be 675 ps (50%) and 1600 ps (50%) which is significantly lower than that of the intact porphyrin, H2P (2900 ps (100%)). This further supports the efficient emission quenching by the graphene sheets. The effective quenching of the fluorescence emission due to H2P in GO-H2P implies electronic interaction between the singlet excited state of H2P with GO. So, H2P acts as an energy absorber unit and GO unit acts as an electron transporting unit. Transient absorption spectrum complements the information obtained from fluorescence spectroscopy using Nd-YAG laser. The Q band can be photoexcited by using a laser light source of 532 nm which led to the population of the singlet excited state of H2P. The band absorption, in the transient absorption spectrum, due to oxidised porphyrin species (H2P+) lies in the visible region at 610 nm. The band observed at 450 nm is the characteristic feature of porphyrin and is almost identical to the one observed in the transient absorption spectroscopy of intact H2P. It occurs due to triplet-triplet absorption of the porphyrin. The bands in the near infrared region are due to the electrons trapped within the reduced graphene sheets (GO) in which absorption is observed in the near infrared region due to the presence of GO species. This is further supported by the absorption spectrum of electrochemically reduced graphene oxide. Thus, transient absorption spectrum provides evidence in support of t he formation of charge separated radical ion pair GO H2P+. The depletion observed near 1100 nm is due to the fundamental YAG laser. The decline of transient absorption with time is a proof of the development of charge recombination which de-excites the radical ion pair back to its ground state. The decay profile for these transient species gave a charge-recombination rate constant (kCR) of 1.8 X 107 s1. This allows the evaluation of the lifetime of the radical ion pair GO H2P+ which comes out to be 56 ns in dimethylformamide. This further confirms that the charge separation is the cause of fluorescence quenching. The emission and transient absorption spectroscopy give information about the conductive nature of GO-H2P hybrid. As pointed out in the observations of UV-visible spectroscopy, the nature of bond in between graphene oxide and H2P if not purely covalent but involves electronic interaction too. Fluorescence spectroscopy helps in further examining the nature of interaction of the GO-H2P linkage. It confirms the observations of UV-visible spectroscopy and indicates the presence of charged species as inferred by the short fluorescence lifetime profile. Transient absorption spectroscopy further confirms this. Also, it confirms that the observations of cyclic voltammetry and differential pulsed voltametry which indicate the presence of radical ion pairs GO H2P+. It also indicates the development of charge recombination which drives the radical ion pair back to its ground state. Overall, it gets confirmed that H2P can easily get photoexcited and transfer electron to graphene oxide which is able to capture these electrons effectively. Additional spectroscopic information that may provide useful information The presence of porphyrin moiety makes this substance particularly interesting. This is because of the characteristic Soret band which is used for its identification. Also, the molar extinction coefficient for porphyrins is pretty high. 5-(4-aminophenyl)-10, 15, 20-triphenyl-21, 23H-porphyrin, which has been used in the analysis, is chiral in nature. So, circular dichroic spectroscopy can be conducted. The high value of the molar extinction coefficient would be helpful as it increases the sensitivity of the technique in this study carried out over this porphyrin derivative covalently linked to graphene oxide. The chiral nature would not only help in supporting the data obtained by various characterisation techniques (infrared, UV-visible, Raman spectroscopy) but would prove helpful in the conformational and configurational analysis of the porphyrin as well. It might also help in exploring the chiral nature of the GO-H2P hybrid. Spectra and Tables

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Over het opeten van twee boterhammen doe je langer dan over à ©Ãƒ ©n. Je huiswerk maak je sneller als je niet tegelijkertijd tv kijkt. Een reclame die je dagelijks ziet, onthoud je beter dan een die je minder vaak ziet. Kijk nu naar 2 kinderen, waarvan de à ©Ãƒ ©n tweetalig opgroeit en de ander à ©Ãƒ ©ntalig. Het tweetalige kind heeft het dubbel zo druk, ook is het taalaanbod verdeeld over twee talen. Betekent dit ook dat meertaligen daardoor langzamer zijn in hun taalverwerving? Wat is het effect op de spraak- en taal ontwikkeling? Welke factoren hebben invloed op taalproblemen bij meertalige kinderen? Op al deze vragen zullen we proberen antwoord te geven in deze deelvraag. Wat is tweetaligheid? Tweetaligheid betekent het kunnen gebruiken van twee verschillende talen in diverse communicatievormen. Het komt niet vaak voor dat beide talen even goed beheerst worden, oftewel een gebalanceerde tweetaligheid. Meestal is er sprake van een dominante taal, deze wordt makkelijker gebruikt dan de tweede taal. Er bestaan twee verschillende soorten tweetaligheid: simultane en successieve tweetaligheid. Simultane tweetaligheid Er is sprake van simultane tweetaligheid als een kind twee (soms drie) talen gelijktijdig aanleert. Vanaf jongs af aan worden de talen aangeboden. Van beide talen moeten de woordstructuur, woordvorming en zinsleer worden verworven. In allebei de talen gaan kinderen door dezelfde taalontwikkeling als kinderen die à ©Ãƒ ©ntalig worden opgevoed. Simultane opvoeding vergt een bepaalde structuur van de ouders. In bepaalde situaties moet een bepaalde taal worden gesproken. Thuis bijvoorbeeld Engels en op school Nederlands. Successieve tweetaligheid Als een kind tot op een latere leeftijd à ©Ãƒ ©ntalig wordt opgevoed en dan pas in aanraking komt met ... ... in het onderwijs voorkomt. Vaak draait het in zulke gevallen om groepen die minderwaardig worden gezien in een samenleving, zoals Marokkanen in Nederland. Dit wordt ook wel subtractieve tweetaligheid genoemd. Dit houdt in dat een kind 2 talen kan spreken en gebruiken maar beide talen zijn van (te) lage kwaliteit. De andere vorm is additieve tweetaligheid, de eerste taal/moedertaal wordt op een voldoende manier gebruikt en daarom kan er een tweede taal aan worden toegevoegd. Op deze manier van het gebruiken van twee talen ontstaan positieve effecten. Doordat meertalige kinderen al vanaf jongs af aan zich veel bezighouden met taal en verschillen in talen, zijn zij zich er snel bewust van wanneer er bepaalde taalverschijnselen voorkomen. Zij kunnen dit verbinden aan verschijnselen die zij in verschillende talen kennen en daardoor leren ze de nieuwe fenomenen snel aan.